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The remaining sheathing boards may then be placed, starting at the bottom.

With so much of the inner form set, the outer form can easily be placed and fastened to the inner one, as shown in the sketch. On account of the small place in which to work, the outer part of the form can more easily be built in sections, as described, and lowered into position. When the concrete forms are not to be handled in sections, it will be advisable to "break joints" in placing the sheathing, for by so doing the form will be somewhat stiffer and the alignment be more easily maintained. In erecting concrete forms-one must bear in mind that they are to be removed, and when there is only a narrow space between the concrete forms and the earth concrete wall provision should be made for their removal by a means that will be of least concrete damage to the lumber. Instead of supporting the outer part of the form by independent bracing into the earth, it will be letter to wire it to the inside section. Spacing blocks of a length equal to the thickness of the concrete walls should be inserted to keep the two sections of the form in their relative positions.

 The wires are then-twisted with a piece of iron or a large spike, until the outer section-is drawn 'tightly against the spacing block.  The top of the two sections are held together by cleats, as shown. If the concrete wall is very high it may be necessary to place additional wires near the center of the uprights. Some means must he provided for removing the spacing blocks as the concreting progresses. This can be done by attaching a wire to the block by which it can be withdrawn after being knocked loose. Figure B shows a type of form used when the character of the soil permits of placing concrete directly against the earth, doing away with the outer form below the ground level. When depositing concrete in this type of form, care must be exercised, as dirt is likely to be knocked off the sides of the bank into the concrete. The edge of the excavation should be protected with boards. If a smooth face is desired, dressed lumber should be used. Figure C shows a type of form for use on a sub-base of concrete the finished part being entirely above ground. The form shown can be constructed in sections or built in place, depending somewhat on local conditions. If the inner and outer parts of the form are built separately in sections, they may be leveled carefully and plumbed as units, while if built in position, care must be taken in placing each timber. In all cases the bottom boards of the sheathing should be flush with or a little below the top edge of the trench.

The top boards should be the height of the finished concrete wall. It will be seen from the sketch that the concrete forms are suspended over the trench and not allowed to rest on the sub-base. This is accomplished by placing stringers on the ground a short distance back from the trench, supporting the triangular frame bracing. The design for a retaining concrete wall shown on Plate 35 is what is known as the gravity section, which means that the earth pressure is resisted by the weight of the concrete wall. The following table gives the necessary dimensions and amount of material per foot of length of concrete wall, assuming the concrete is made of 1 part cement, 22 parts of sand and 5 parts of gravel or crushed stone. Proportions: 1 Part Portland cement to 214 Parts Sand to 5 Parts Gravel or Stone.  A large single load of sand or gravel is about 20 cubic feet. A large double load of sand or gravel is about 40 cubic feet. The exposed side or face of the concrete retaining wall may be finished as described under chapter for finishing. The top concrete surface must not be plastered or it will crack and is apt to peel off. The concrete surface should be smoothed off with a trowel when the concrete is first laid, then as soon as it has begun to stiffen, scrape off any light-colored scum with a wire brush or old curry comb, wet slightly and trowel it, preferably with a wood float, but using no fresh mortar.

Are You in Shrewsbury Massachusetts? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?

We Are Your Local Concrete Cutting Company

Call 508-283-3135

We Service all surrounding Cities & Towns.